Soaps have amphipathic behavior, that is, they have a hydrophilic or water-soluble end, and another that is hydrophobic, which rejects water and tends to bind to fat, which detach and remain floating in the aqueous medium, forming micelles. Micelles can contain fats inside them, so soap has a cleansing power.
If the water is hot or we rub the clothes, the action of the soap is greater, since the hydrophilic end acquires more power to remove the dirt. In hard water, with a large amount of calcium and magnesium, these salts react with the soap to form an insoluble precipitate and it is necessary to use a softener to achieve a more pleasant touch.
3.2.1.2. Chemical properties of fatty acids | Biology 2nd Baccalaureate (biologia-geologia.com)
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